| 0 | | Feast of St. Boris I Michael, Tsar of the Bulgars |
| 73 | | The Romans occupy Masada, finding that the garrison has committed suicide |
| 1399 | | Pope Boniface IX proclaims a Crusade against Count Onorato I of Fondi |
| 1501 | | on his mother's orders, Condottiero Ermes Bentivoglio massacred the rival Marescotti family at Bologna |
| 1598 | | Treaty of Vervins: Spanish & French make peace |
| 1645 | | Battle of Mergentheim: Franz von Mercy's Imperialists defeat Turenne's French |
| 1668 | | Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle: ends French "War of Devolution" (1667-1668) to annex the Spanish Netherlands |
| 1703 | | Portugal and England renew their ancient alliance |
| 1776 | | France & Spain agree to donate arms to the American rebels |
| 1798 | | the "United Irishmen" uprising began against Union with Great Britain -- Learn More |
| 1808 | | Madrid rose against French occupation, igniting the Peninsular War, and inspiring Goya |
| 1813 | | Battle of Lutzen: Napoleon defeats the Russo-Prussians |
| 1815 | | the Austrians defeated Joachim Murat's invasion of northern Italy from Naples in the Battle of Tolentino -- Learn More |
| 1848 | | Battle of Chiapuzza: Italian Nationalists defeat the Austrians |
| 1863 | | Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded by his own men at Chancellorsville, died May 10th -- Learn More |
| 1912 | | Flying a Short S38 'amphibian' Lt. Charles R. Samson, RN, becomes the first man to take off from a moving ship, battleship HMS 'Hibernia' |
| 1933 | | Hitler bans labor unions in Germany, as Nazi Storm troopers sack union offices and collect records |
| 1934 | | Nazis institute "People's Courts" |
| 1942 | | USS 'Drum' (SS-228) sinks Japanese seaplane carrier 'Mizuho' off Honshu. |
| 1943 | | Japanese aircraft bomb Darwin, Australia |
| 1945 | | Berlin surrendered to the Red Army |
| 1945 | | German forces in Italy surrender |
| 1945 | | Hungary's Crown of St. Stephen is entrusted to the U.S., which returns it to Hungary in 1978 |
| 1953 | | Hussein bin Talal is installed as King Hussein of Jordan (1953-2000) |
| 1964 | | US Aircraft Transport 'Card' (ex CVE-11) sunk by Viet Cong UDT at Saigon |
| 1982 | | Falklands War: sub HMS 'Conqueror' sinks Argentine CL 'Belgrano', c. 300 die |
| 1997 | | Tony Blair becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain (1997-2007) |
| 1451 | | Duke René II of Lorraine and of Bar, claimant to the Crown of Naples, and a player in the "Italian Wars" -- Learn More |
| 1729 | | Tsarina Catherine II "the Great" of Russia (1762-1796) |
| 1810 | | Giacchino Pecci - Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) |
| 1849 | | Prince Bernhard von Bülow, German Chancellor (1900-09), d. 1929 |
| 1860 | | Theodore Herzl, journalist, founder of Zionism, d. 1904 |
| 1871 | | Francis Patrick Duffy, chaplain to the 'Fighting 69th' and "The Great White Way', d. 1932 -- Learn More |
| 1892 | | Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen, the Red Baron, kia 1918 |
| 1935 | | King Faisal II of Iraq (1939-58), murdered 1958 |
| 1935 | | King Hussein ibn Talal of Jordan (1952-2000) |
| 1938 | | Constantine Bereng Seeiso - King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho (1966-1995) |
| 903 | | Tsar St. Boris I of Bulgaria (852-889) |
| 1250 | | Sultan Turanshah of Egypt (1249-1250), the last Ayyubid, assassinated |
| 1285 | | Manfredo Manfredi, Lord of Serravalle al Senio, and his son Alberghetto, murdered by his brother Alberigo Manfredi, for their lands |
| 1424 | | Ridolgo III da Varano, Lord of Camerino (1399-1424), condottiero with 64 children, at c. 60. |
| 1501 | | Agamennone Marescotti, Patrician of Bologna, Agesilao Marescotti, Antenore Marescotti, Marescotto Marescotti, Scipione Marescotti, Tideo Marescotti, and their brother-in-law Bedoro de Preti, Patricians of Bologna, murdered by Ermes Bentivoglio for conspiring with Cesare Borgia |
| 1519 | | Leonardo from Vinci, military engineer to the Borgia, friend to Machiavelli, artist, scientist, at 67 |
| 1679 | | Archbishop James Sharp of St. Andrew's in Scotland (1661-1679), accidentally murdered at 76 less one day, by some assassins waiting to kill someone else |
| 1845 | | August Pauly, scholar ("Real-Encyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft"), at 48 |
| 1849 | | Baron David Hendrik Chassé, 84, Dutch soldier, Napoleonic Wars, Belgian War for Independence -- Learn More |
| 1945 | | Martin Bormann, 44, Hitler's henchman, probably killed by Soviet troops while trying to flee Berlin |
| 1969 | | Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen zu Köningen, 89, German diplomat and politician |
| 1972 | | J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI (1924-1972), at 77 |
| 2002 | | William T. Tutte, 84, British master codebreaker |